{"id":92555,"date":"2023-09-13T15:49:23","date_gmt":"2023-09-13T13:49:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%b3-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%87%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%a6%d9%8a\/"},"modified":"2023-09-13T16:00:51","modified_gmt":"2023-09-13T14:00:51","slug":"sunlight-and-solar-effect","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/en\/\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\/sunlight-and-solar-effect\/","title":{"rendered":"Sunlight and Solar effect"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span class=\"\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Sunlight and Solar effect<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure style=\"width: 729px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/62e136c5-5437-4a64-a30c-c9fe16b63bd2-1.webp\" alt=\"Sunlight and photoelectric effect\" width=\"729\" height=\"547\" title=\"l\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Sunlight and photoelectric effect<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The photovoltaic effect is the process of using sunlight to produce direct current electricity in a quiet, clean, and independent way. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The equipment required to produce this electricity is usually called \u201csolar panels,\u201d which are modular and require minimal maintenance. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Besides the long sustainability of solar energy systems, they are becoming increasingly popular in remote areas or where installation is expected to be continuous.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Solar panels are devices capable of converting light radiation into electricity through the process of trapping photons and using them to excite P-type and N-type semiconductors to move free electrons. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Modern photovoltaic panels can generally convert about 15-20% of energy directly into electricity. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">There are more efficient panels, but they are very expensive, easily damaged, and generally inaccessible in places where humanitarian organizations may work.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Light enters the device through an anti-reflective coating that reduces light loss through reflection. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The device then effectively traps the light striking the solar cell by enhancing its transmission to the three energy conversion layers below.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">N-type silicon layer; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Provides additional (negative) electrons.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">PN junction layer. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The absorption layer that forms the core of the device and directs electrons in one direction.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">P-type silicon layer; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Creates space for electrons (positive).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Two additional layers of electrical contact are needed to carry the electrical current to an external load and back to the cell, thus completing the electrical circuit.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Most solar cells are a few square centimeters in area and are protected from the environment by a thin layer of glass or clear plastic. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Because a typical 10 cm x 10 cm (4 in x 4 in) solar cell generates only about 2 watts of electrical power, cells are usually combined in series to boost voltage or in parallel to boost current. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">A solar or photovoltaic (PV) module generally consists of 36 or more interconnected cells encased in glass within an aluminum frame.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">One or more of these PV modules may be connected and framed together to form a solar panel, and several panels may be combined to form a solar array, working together to supply power as a single unit.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The complete photovoltaic system will&#8230;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Electric meter<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">AC isolator<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Fuse box<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">reflector<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">the battery<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Charge controller<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Cables<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Installation<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Tracking system<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">4 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Solar array<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 1.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Solar cells\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"mt-6\">\n<div class=\"not-prose flex items-center justify-center\">\n<div class=\"field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item\"><a class=\"colorbox cboxElement\" title=\"\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/log.logcluster.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-05\/SS3.png\" aria-controls=\"colorbox\" aria-label=\"{&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Solar Cells&quot;}\" data-colorbox-gallery=\"\" data-cbox-img-attrs=\"{&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Solar Cells&quot;}\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"image-style-large\" src=\"https:\/\/log.logcluster.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/large\/public\/2022-05\/SS3.png?itok=S9JIxNVu\" alt=\"Solar Cells\" width=\"480\" height=\"380\" title=\"l\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">3. Solar panel\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">2. Solar module<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Solar cell degradation<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">All solar cells &#8211; and therefore solar panels &#8211; degrade over time. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">While solar systems derive energy from the sun, the sun also slowly breaks down the components of solar cells. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Most commercially available solar panels degrade at an average rate of 2% per year of use. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The duration of use of the installation should be considered for planning and budgeting purposes. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">For example, a solar array installed in direct sunlight that degrades at 2% per year means that after 10 years, the panels will be approximately 80% as effective as they were at the time of installation. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Lower efficiency means less watt output from the array, which means longer battery charging times and less optimal charging times throughout the day. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Humanitarian agencies that plan to use solar arrays for longer than 10 years in one location may want to consider budgeting to replace panels after 12 to 15 years if the overall output no longer meets the needs of the site.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">System architecture<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">A complete photovoltaic system may consist of one or more solar modules depending on the power needed. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">While batteries can be used as a backup system for any main power source, solar systems need a battery system to store the energy generated. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Therefore, a solar system always includes some form of battery system, whether small or large. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">These batteries are specifically designed to deliver a limited current over a long period of time.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The power system can accommodate varying electrical loads by regulating the voltage and\/or current from the solar panels transmitted to the battery to prevent overcharging. <\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Most 12V panels can output around 16 to 20 volts under the best conditions, so if there is no regulation, the batteries can and will be damaged by overcharging. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Most batteries need about 14 to 14.5 volts to become fully charged. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Like any other electrical system, proper rating and cabling are required.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The solar system usually consists of the following:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Photovoltaic module, solar panel or array, including its several types of installation.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Battery system.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Solar regulator.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Cables and protection systems.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Solar systems can accommodate almost any specific need because they are modular in nature. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">This makes it possible to connect PV modules directly to various devices, such as submersible pumps, stand-alone freezing units, or as complete solar arrays capable of producing energy for offices or entire complexes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Solar modules<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Solar modules are rated in peak watts, represented as nominal peak power (P max), resulting from multiplying peak power voltage (Vmp) by peak power current (Imp):<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"tex2jax_process_style\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" style=\"border: 0px;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0;--tw-border-spacing-y: 0;--tw-translate-x: 0;--tw-translate-y: 0;--tw-rotate: 0;--tw-skew-x: 0;--tw-skew-y: 0;--tw-scale-x: 1;--tw-scale-y: 1;--tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity;--tw-ring-offset-width: 0px;--tw-ring-offset-color: #fff;--tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent;--tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent;--tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent;--tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0px;text-align: left;text-transform: none;letter-spacing: normal;float: none;direction: rtl;max-width: none;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;min-height: 0px;padding: 1.5rem 2rem;margin: 0px;--tw-bg-opacity: 1;border-radius: 0.5rem;position: relative\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00d7&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">P <\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">m <\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">a <\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">x <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mo\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">= <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">V <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">m <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">p <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mo\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">\u00d7 <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">I <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">m <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">p<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mo\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mo\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd = \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \u00d7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">A 100-watt solar panel produces 100 watts under standard test conditions (STC). <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Standard test conditions (STC) are found only in laboratories, which apply solar radiation to panels of 1000 W\/m2 with a cell temperature of 25\u00b0C. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">In a real installation, the actual electricity production is usually well below peak power, however the measurements are still useful as a qualitative reference for comparing sizes and capacities as each panel is rated under the same conditions.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a class=\"colorbox cboxElement\" title=\"\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/log.logcluster.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-05\/SS4.png\" aria-controls=\"colorbox\" aria-label=\"{&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Energy Label&quot;}\" data-colorbox-gallery=\"\" data-cbox-img-attrs=\"{&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Energy Label&quot;}\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"image-style-large\" src=\"https:\/\/log.logcluster.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/large\/public\/2022-05\/SS4.png?itok=-9cN17pC\" alt=\"Energy Label\" width=\"349\" height=\"480\" title=\"l\"><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Example: Label attached to solar panels<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrapper\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The amount of electrical energy generated by a solar module depends mainly on:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Daily radiant flux density:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> \u00a0The amount of energy provided by the sun in one day is the most important factor. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Areas near the equator have the best average radiant flux density, but this general rule can vary greatly from place to place and from season to season. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The average performance of a PV system expressed in kWh\/m2\/day can be indicated in the chart below.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<div class=\"mt-6\">\n<div class=\"not-prose flex items-center justify-center\">\n<div class=\"field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item\"><a class=\"colorbox cboxElement\" title=\"\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/log.logcluster.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-05\/SP3.png\" aria-controls=\"colorbox\" aria-label=\"{&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Spectrum&quot;}\" data-colorbox-gallery=\"\" data-cbox-img-attrs=\"{&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Spectrum&quot;}\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"image-style-large\" src=\"https:\/\/log.logcluster.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/large\/public\/2022-05\/SP3.png?itok=Uz_-OrQS\" alt=\"Spectrum\" width=\"480\" height=\"59\" title=\"l\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Long-term average daily total<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Average annual total over the long term<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/log.logcluster.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-05\/SP4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"896\" height=\"349\" title=\"l\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Shade, fog, cloudy weather:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> \u00a0Any obstacle that blocks sunlight will reduce the power output of the unit. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Additionally, if a solar panel is partially shaded, electricity production may stop because the shaded cells will consume the energy produced by the rest of the panel. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">In some cases, a phenomenon called \u201chot spot heating\u201d occurs when shaded parts of one panel heat up quickly because they draw electricity from an unshaded part, and this can lead to rapid destruction of the panel. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">This can be prevented by using bypass diodes that are usually included in PV modules, but it is highly recommended to check this feature.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Plate Orientation:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> \u00a0A poorly oriented panel &#8211; for example, facing north in the Northern Hemisphere &#8211; will produce much less power than the panel&#8217;s rated power, or even no power at all.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Temperature:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> \u00a0Temperatures above 25\u00b0C can also reduce the amount of energy produced by solar panels.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Daylight hours:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> \u00a0Solar panels produce more electricity when the sun&#8217;s vertical rays are closer together, providing more energy per square centimeter. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">As a result, solar panels will produce less electricity when the sun is near the horizon than when the sun&#8217;s rays are directly overhead. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">In practice, a near-equator solar panel installed outdoors for 12 hours a day will only generate the equivalent of 6 hours of peak electricity, and that&#8217;s only under optimal conditions. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Changes in seasons or bad weather will further reduce this production.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">As a result of the above factors, it may be difficult to evaluate the actual electricity production of a solar system. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">One simple method is to size an installation so that it produces 30% of daily energy needs during the month when conditions are bad.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Installation of panels and arrays<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">It is possible to combine PV modules to create solar panels, as well as combine and mount solar panels together to create solar arrays using standard junction boxes &#8211; MC3\/MC4 type &#8211; that are waterproof and easy to connect. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">As with batteries, panel arrays should only use solar modules that have the same characteristics, the same model, and the same history as much as possible.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Pregnant women<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Solar trackers \u2014 devices that point panels toward the sun \u2014 are complex, expensive and not recommended outside industrial uses and\/or high latitudes where the sun moves greatly. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Some mounts are designed to allow seasonal adjustment, giving the ability to manually switch between two positions during the year, which should be more than enough for most installations.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">There are two basic types of solar mounts available: ground and roof mounts. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Ground-mounted solar panels are easier to install and maintain than roof-mounted systems. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Roof-mounted systems are difficult or impossible to modify and can cause structural damage due to weight and wind pressure. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">However, floor stands have their own problems; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">They take up usable space, are more exposed to shade, and are also at risk of accidental damage from cars and people. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Installation decisions should be made based on the location and available infrastructure.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Battery systems<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Solar batteries are absolutely essential to help keep solar energy systems running. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Without battery storage, electricity would only be available while the solar panels are producing it. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Since panels only produce energy during the day while consumption may occur at any time, having a stable power bank is essential to store this energy. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Please refer to\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/log.logcluster.org\/ar\/nzam-albtaryt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">the Batteries section<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> \u00a0for more information.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Solar regulator<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Charger controllers, commonly known as solar regulators, are electronic units designed to control the flow of current \u2013 \u200b\u200bboth the current that charges the batteries from the panels, and the current from the batteries to the offices\/collectors.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Solar regulators control the charging and discharging of batteries by disconnecting the panels when the batteries are fully charged, and by cutting off power to the load when the battery is too low. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Another important function of solar regulators is to improve the power output of panels by converting the high voltage output from the panels to the lower input voltage needed by the batteries. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The regulator acts as the hub of the installation, and obtaining maximum power output depends on its proper functioning.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">There are two types of solar regulators:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">\n<h5><strong><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Maximum Power Point Tracking ( <\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">MPPT <\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"mt-6\">\n<div class=\"not-prose flex items-center justify-center\">\n<div class=\"field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item\"><a class=\"colorbox cboxElement\" title=\"\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/log.logcluster.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-05\/MPPT.png\" aria-controls=\"colorbox\" aria-label=\"{&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Maximum Power Point Tracking &quot;}\" data-colorbox-gallery=\"\" data-cbox-img-attrs=\"{&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Maximum Power Point Tracking &quot;}\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"image-style-large\" src=\"https:\/\/log.logcluster.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/large\/public\/2022-05\/MPPT.png?itok=Y-xNmqVm\" alt=\"Maximum Power Point Tracking \" width=\"199\" height=\"139\" title=\"l\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Maximum Power Point Tracking ( MPPT ) <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">detects <\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">the solar panel&#8217;s output voltage and current in real-time, continuously tracks the maximum power ( <\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">P=U*I <\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">), and regulates the output voltage correspondingly so that the system can always charge the battery at maximum power. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">This type of energy tracking allows for better energy production under cloud cover and changing temperatures.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Although initially more expensive, a MPPT charge controller will give more power (and possibly reduce the size of the PV module) and extend the life of the batteries connected to it. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Some controllers even allow connection to smart devices for remote control and monitoring.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Shipping Method<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Multi-stage Maximum Power Point Tracking ( <\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">MPPT <\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Conversion rate of solar energy into electricity<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td>99%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Ampere rate<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">30A-100A<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Scalability\/range\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">&gt;2 kW\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">large power system<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Average price<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">$120<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Advantages<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Maximum power point tracking algorithm increases the power conversion rate up to 99%.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">4-stage charging is better for batteries.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Scalable for large off-grid power system.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Available for solar systems up to 100 amps.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Available for solar input up to 200V.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Provides flexibility when the system needs to be developed.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Equipped with multiple protection devices.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Defects<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">High cost, usually twice as much as pulse width modulation (PWM) technology.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Larger size than a pulse width modulation ( <\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">PWM <\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">) regulator.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">\n<h5><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Pulse Width Modulation ( <\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">PWM <\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">):<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h5><\/h5>\n<div class=\"mt-6\">\n<div class=\"not-prose flex items-center justify-center\">\n<div class=\"field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item\"><a class=\"colorbox cboxElement\" title=\"\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/log.logcluster.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-05\/PMW.png\" aria-controls=\"colorbox\" aria-label=\"{&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Pulse Width Modulation&quot;}\" data-colorbox-gallery=\"\" data-cbox-img-attrs=\"{&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Pulse Width Modulation&quot;}\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"image-style-large\" src=\"https:\/\/log.logcluster.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/large\/public\/2022-05\/PMW.png?itok=4I2XLMPR\" alt=\"Pulse Width Modulation\" width=\"199\" height=\"157\" title=\"l\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Pulse width modulation (PWM) charge controllers can be thought of as a switch between solar panels and battery packs, and are programmed to allow only a pre-set current to pass into the battery. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The controller slowly reduces the amount of power entering the battery as the batteries approach maximum capacity. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Pulse-width modulation (PWM) charge controllers do not adjust voltage, which means that batteries and panels must have compatible voltages in order to work properly. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">This makes this type of charge controller suitable for simple solar applications, or for installations featuring lower voltage panels and battery packs of limited size. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Pulse width modulation (PWM) is an affordable option but will produce less power than PV.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Shipping Method<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Pulse width modulation ( <\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">PWM <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">)<\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> \u00a0stages\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Conversion rate of solar energy into electricity<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td>75%-80%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Ampere rate<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">20A &#8211; 60A<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Scalability\/range\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">&lt;2 kW\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">small solar system<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Average price<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">$65<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Advantages<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Pulse width modulation (PWM) regulators have a longer and proven track record.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Pulse width modulation (PWM) regulators have a simpler structure and are more cost effective.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Can be easily deployed.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Defects<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Low conversion rate.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The input voltage must match the battery pack voltage.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Less scalability for system development.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Low production.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Less protection.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Installation of panels<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The storage location for the batteries connected to the solar array must be determined before any equipment can be sized and purchased. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Not only is it necessary that the space be large enough to install the required panels, but the distance and cable length from the battery storage location will also affect the calculated power requirements. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Please refer to\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/log.logcluster.org\/ar\/nzam-albtaryt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">the section on battery installation<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">A good location to install a solar array will have the following characteristics:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">It must be inside a complex and not visible from the outside. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Ground-mounted solar panels must be protected by a wall or fence, so it is important to have sufficient ground space.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">To be as close as possible to the battery system.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Be away from shade, such as trees or buildings.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Sometimes, it&#8217;s difficult to completely avoid shaded areas. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The priority should be to avoid shade during the sunny hours of the day (generally from 10:00 to 16:00). <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Remember that the position and size of shadows change with the seasons.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Location of solar panels<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">To optimize energy production, solar panels must be carefully oriented to make the most of sunlight exposure. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Reference to solar panels includes the following.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Direction<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> \u00a0&#8211; Direction is the angle of the solar panel relative to the north-south axis. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Solar panels should face south in the Northern Hemisphere and north in the Southern Hemisphere.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Tilt<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> \u00a0&#8211; Tilt is the angle of the solar panel relative to the horizontal. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Improving tilt is more difficult. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The latitude can be used as an approximation of the optimal tilt angle, as indicated in the guide below for fixed angle panels. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">However, even at the equator, panels must have a minimum tilt angle of 5 to 10 degrees to avoid water and dust accumulating on the panel.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/log.logcluster.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-05\/SP5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"273\" title=\"l\"><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Delivery<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The output of solar panels is connected to the solar regulator, while the output of the solar regulator is connected to the batteries. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The solar panel mounting frame is connected to ground, and it is highly recommended to use a grounding\/ground connection for the regulator and surge protector.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Panels can follow three different schemes, which will give different results in terms of power and current, depending on the capacity or power required. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Units connected in series, parallel, or a combination of both will give different power and energy outputs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Choose installation size<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Photovoltaic modules<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Here&#8217;s a simple way to size installations so they produce 30% of daily energy needs during the worst months of the year:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Example:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/th>\n<td><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">To cover 30% of the installation&#8217;s energy needs, how many solar panels are needed for the following:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Planned power requirement of 12,880 watts per hour<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Average annual daily production of 4.32 kWh per 1 kW peak<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">During the worst month, average daily production is 2.62 kWh for every 1 kW peak<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The actual total energy production required daily is:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"tex2jax_process_style\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" style=\"border: 0px;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0;--tw-border-spacing-y: 0;--tw-translate-x: 0;--tw-translate-y: 0;--tw-rotate: 0;--tw-skew-x: 0;--tw-skew-y: 0;--tw-scale-x: 1;--tw-scale-y: 1;--tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity;--tw-ring-offset-width: 0px;--tw-ring-offset-color: #fff;--tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent;--tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent;--tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent;--tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0px;text-align: left;text-transform: none;letter-spacing: normal;float: none;direction: rtl;max-width: none;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;min-height: 0px;padding: 1.5rem 2rem;margin: 0px;--tw-bg-opacity: 1;border-radius: 0.5rem;position: relative\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;12&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;88&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00d7&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;87&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0643&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u064a&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0644\u0648&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0648&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0627&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0637&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0641&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u064a&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0627&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0644&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0633&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0627&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0639&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0629&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-20\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-21\" class=\"mn\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">12 <\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-22\" class=\"mo\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-23\" class=\"mn\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">88 <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-25\" class=\"mo\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">x <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-27\" class=\"mn\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">0 <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-28\" class=\"mo\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">. <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-29\" class=\"mn\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">3 <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-31\" class=\"mo\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">= <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-33\" class=\"mn\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">3 <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-34\" class=\"mo\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">. <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-35\" class=\"mn\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">87 <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-37\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">kwh <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-38\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-39\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-41\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-42\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-43\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-45\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-46\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-48\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-49\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-50\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-51\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-52\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-53\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-24\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-25\" class=\"mo\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-26\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-27\" class=\"mn\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-28\" class=\"mo\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-29\" class=\"mn\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-30\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-31\" class=\"mo\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-32\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-33\" class=\"mn\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-34\" class=\"mo\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-35\" class=\"mn\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-36\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-37\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-38\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-39\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-40\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-41\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-42\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-43\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-44\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-45\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-46\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-47\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-48\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-49\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-50\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-51\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-52\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-53\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> _<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">At an average daily production of 2.62 kWh per 1 kW peak of the unit, the total daily requirement is:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"tex2jax_process_style\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" style=\"border: 0px;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0;--tw-border-spacing-y: 0;--tw-translate-x: 0;--tw-translate-y: 0;--tw-rotate: 0;--tw-skew-x: 0;--tw-skew-y: 0;--tw-scale-x: 1;--tw-scale-y: 1;--tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity;--tw-ring-offset-width: 0px;--tw-ring-offset-color: #fff;--tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent;--tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent;--tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent;--tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 0px;text-align: left;text-transform: none;letter-spacing: normal;float: none;direction: rtl;max-width: none;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;min-height: 0px;padding: 1.5rem 2rem;margin: 0px;--tw-bg-opacity: 1;border-radius: 0.5rem;position: relative\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;87&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\/&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;62&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;48&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0643&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u064a&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0644\u0648&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0648&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0627&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0637&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0630&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0631&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0648&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;\u0629&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-54\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-55\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-56\" class=\"mn\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">3 <\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-57\" class=\"mo\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-58\" class=\"mn\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">87\/2 <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-61\" class=\"mo\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-59\" class=\"mo\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-60\" class=\"mn\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-62\" class=\"mn\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">62 <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-64\" class=\"mo\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">= <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-66\" class=\"mn\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">1 <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-67\" class=\"mo\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">. <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-68\" class=\"mn\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">48 <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-70\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">kWh <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-75\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">3.87 <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-74\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">\/ <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-78\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">2.62 <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-79\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">= <\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-80\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">1.48<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-61\" class=\"mo\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-62\" class=\"mn\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-63\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-64\" class=\"mo\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-65\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-66\" class=\"mn\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-67\" class=\"mo\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-68\" class=\"mn\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-69\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-70\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-71\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-72\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-73\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-74\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-75\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-76\" class=\"mo\">\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-77\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-78\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-79\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-80\" class=\"mi\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> kW<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-54\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-55\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-77\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> peak <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-54\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-55\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-71\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-54\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-55\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-72\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-54\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-55\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-73\" class=\"mi\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">_<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The actual number of solar panels required will depend on the peak power of each individual panel. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The configuration may be:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrapper\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">12 x 130 watt peak panels<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> \u00a0(1.56 kW peak)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">or<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">9 x 180 watt peak panels<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> \u00a0(1.62 kW)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">or<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">6 x 260 watt peak panels<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> \u00a0(1.56 kW)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><span lang=\"AR\" xml:lang=\"AR\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Given an average annual daily production of 4.32 kWh per 1 kW peak, a 1.48 kW peak installation will produce 4.32 x 1.48 = 6.39 kWh per day in annual average, adding up to the total incremental energy cost savings.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h4><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Organizer<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The size of the solar regulator should be chosen according to the number and type of solar modules used. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Organizer size includes:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The voltage should be as high as possible depending on the number of solar modules in the systems.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The maximum current should be equal to the short circuit current (ISC) of your solar array. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The short circuit current for one individual panel can be found on the panel&#8217;s identification label or in the manufacturer&#8217;s manual. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">To calculate the short-circuit current for the entire array, sum the short-circuit currents of all panels connected in parallel.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Batteries<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Information about battery sizes can be found in the section on Installing the Battery System.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Cables and protection<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Information about cable lengths and wire gauges can be found in the Electrical Installations chapter.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Safety and security\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Photovoltaic panels produce electricity just like regular generators. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Although the production method may be different and, depending on the size of the array, the total electrical power is less than the generator, solar arrays can still produce harmful amounts of electricity.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Handling<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">When people have to handle solar PV panels, they should wear appropriate protective clothing and equipment at all times.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Most importantly \u2013 solar PV panels produce electrical current, even when they are not connected to any other device! <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">As long as the panel is partially exposed to light, it will produce some form of current and can still pose a hazard. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The panel that produces electricity will not emit any noise or vibration, and may not even be warm to the touch. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Photovoltaic solar panels usually do not include any indication that they produce electricity at all. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">For this reason, solar PV panels appear safe to touch, even when they are not.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">When installing, removing or simply modifying solar panels, they must be completely covered. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Work can also be performed at night if possible. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">When carrying or handling solar panels, handlers should pay attention to all electrical connector outputs on the side, and avoid accidentally touching them. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Pay attention to all wires coming out of a solar panel just like the electrical wires coming out of a power grid or generator.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Security<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Solar PV panels should always be in a safe place, just like generators and batteries. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The orientation of buildings and vegetation can make this a difficult task, but planners should consider access control.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Install panels on rooftops, and in areas that people don&#8217;t visit frequently if possible \u2013 avoid rooftop terraces or rest areas.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Install solar arrays within complex spaces, and within a secure perimeter wall where possible. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Even if the arrays are within a compound wall, there should be some form of signage and barrier fencing to prevent visitors or temporary workers from entering the area.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">If the solar arrays are installed in open or remote locations, a separate security fence or wall will need to be built around the outside of the array. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The equipment is expensive, but it can also harm humans and animals passing by. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">People unfamiliar with solar panels may approach out of curiosity, so signage should be in the appropriate local language.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right\"><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">If you have any inquiry, please contact us freely and we will be happy to serve you.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45299 aligncenter\" title=\"Joyce box outside, 2 holes in the frame, specific sizes. Joyce box outside, 2 holes in the frame, specific sizes\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.gahzly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%841_1-1.jpg?resize=1140%2C776&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"Joyce box outside, 2 holes in frame, specific sizes\" width=\"1140\" height=\"776\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/en\/\"><strong><em><u><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Jezli website for purchasing electrical appliances<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">When we say Jeezly website, we are talking about one of the most famous Arab websites that was able, in a very short period of time, to achieve a very large demand for purchases from it by people from various parts and sectors of the Arab world.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">On the Jeezly website, you will find a joint look and all the products that you may need in your home, starting with those for kitchens or bathrooms, but even those for gardens, you will find them on this wonderful site.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">So, if you were lost before and did not know where to go to buy your products on the Internet, now you have the perfect solution, and all you have to do is go to the Jezli website and start choosing the products you want.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><u><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-27987\" title=\"Types of circuit breakers 18 - Work and applications l\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gahzly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF.jpg\" alt=\"LED strip connection\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" \/><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">What are the features of Jeezly <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/en\/\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\/power-strip-with-3-outlets-16-amp-black\/\">\u00a0<\/a><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">?<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Since we are talking about a site that is preferred by many people around the world, there is no doubt that it is a site full of various features and characteristics. Therefore, we have decided to devote our next paragraph to pointing out the most prominent features of the Jezli site.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">One of the most prominent features of the site is the proportionality of prices. On the Jeezly website, you do not have to worry about the imaginary prices of the products, as is the case with most sites that display their products on the Internet.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">The price of delivering products is very reasonable and not expensive, and the site accepts delivery to various countries, without forgetting that it accepts free shipping on some products.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">One of the features of the site is also the high quality of its products, as it is impossible to find a poor quality product. Rather, the Jezli website deals with the major companies, Philips, for example, and other famous brands, so you must remove from your mind the idea of \u200b\u200bthe poor quality of one of the products. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Another advantage of the site is that it does not specialize in one type of product, but rather you will find various types of products on it, for example, electrical appliances, hand tools, mechanical devices, paints, packages for establishing apartments, and many other types.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Jeezly website also accepts what is known as the shopping cart, which makes it easy for you to filter the products you want to buy and put them in one package in order to be able to pay with the click of a single button.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Accepts multiple payment methods.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-50673 size-full\" title=\"Components of an electrical circuit Components of an electrical circuit\" src=\"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/editor-1s-188px-15.gif\" alt=\"Electrical circuit components\" width=\"188\" height=\"188\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">We are pleased that you visit our social media pages, where we publish exclusive offers on our website.<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Our Facebook page\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Gahzlystore\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">is here<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">Our Twitter account\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/gahzly1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\">is here<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit\"> .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sunlight and Solar effect The photovoltaic effect is the process of using sunlight to produce direct current electricity in a quiet, clean, and independent way. The equipment required to produce this electricity is usually called \u201csolar panels,\u201d which are modular and require minimal maintenance. Besides the long sustainability of solar energy systems, they are becoming [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1798,"featured_media":90448,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12318,7375,7415,7377,12254,12319,12326],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-92555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sell-online","category-articles","category-lightning-and-accessories","category-news","category-renewable-energy","category-shop-online","category-solar-energy"],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/gahzly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/62e136c5-5437-4a64-a30c-c9fe16b63bd2-1-713x445.webp",713,445,true],"list":["https:\/\/gahzly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/62e136c5-5437-4a64-a30c-c9fe16b63bd2-1-463x348.webp",463,348,true],"medium":["https:\/\/gahzly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/62e136c5-5437-4a64-a30c-c9fe16b63bd2-1-300x225.webp",300,225,true],"full":["https:\/\/gahzly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/62e136c5-5437-4a64-a30c-c9fe16b63bd2-1.webp",713,535,false]},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/62e136c5-5437-4a64-a30c-c9fe16b63bd2-1.webp","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1798"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=92555"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92555\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/90448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=92555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=92555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gahzly.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=92555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}