Characteristics of incandescent lamps
Characteristics of incandescent lamps
An incandescent lamp device includes a glass bulb containing a tungsten filament and an inert gas (xenon, krypton, or argon). The thread is fixed on special supports and electrodes through which electric current passes (you can visually see the structure in the photo above). When the cap is screwed into the cartridge, electricity passes to the tungsten filament, which lights up and emits light. This is the principle of operation of the lamp.
- Advantage
- Varieties
- Marking
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
Advantage
The main technical characteristics of the incandescent lamp:
- Power range – from 25 to 150 W (for home use) up to 1000 W;
- The temperature of tungsten filament is in the range of 3000 degrees;
- Light output – from 9 to 19 Lm / 1 W (for example, the luminous flux of a 40 W incandescent lamp can vary from 415 to 460 Lm);
- Rated voltage – 220-230V and 127V;
- Frequency – 50 Hz;
- Social size – 14mm (E14), 27mm (E27) and 40mm (E40);
- Service life or simple service life – at normal voltage of about 1000 hours (220V) and 2500 hours (127V);
- Base – threaded, single and double pin.
Technical characteristics of household incandescent lamps:
We figured out the parameters, now let’s talk about the varieties.
Varieties
Today there is a wide range of lamps, which are divided according to the following criteria:
- Lamp shape (spherical, cylindrical, tubular, spherical, etc.);
- Vial coating (transparent, mirror, opaque);
- Purpose (general, domestic, quartz halogen);
- Vial filler (vacuum, argon, xenon, krypton, halogen, etc.).
Consider the photo and characteristics of the most common types of incandescent lamps.
Transparent is the most common option. Such products are the cheapest and least effective, because the light flux is scattered unevenly. The lack of transparent vials is that the light “hits” the eyes. Mirror bottles are more effective, because the coating creates a directional light flow. These products are popular when lighting store windows and commercial floors. Matte makes the lighting softer and more diffused, creating favorable conditions for work and comfort when turning on the light. Local lighting products operate at a voltage of 12-24-38 V, which is necessary to create safe working conditions. These light sources can be used to illuminate the inspection pit when installing electrical wiring in the garage.
Marking
Form of marking of incandescent lamps in the form: The first part of the letter is the design feature and physical properties of the product (B – argon double-helical, B – vacuum, gas-filled single-helical gas-filled, BK – coiled krypton, ML – in a milk flask, MT – matte flask , O – opal vial). The second letter part is the purpose of the product (F – railway, SM – airplane, KM – switch, A – automobile, ПЖ – searchlight). The first digital part is the rated voltage and power. The second number part is the revision number. For example, specifying B235 – 245-60 means that the product is two-screw, operates at 245 volts and has a power of 60 watts.
Advantages
The main advantage of incandescent lamps is the lower cost of products, compared to competitors (LEDs, halogen lamps etc.). In addition, a number of advantages can be distinguished, which are the reason for choosing such light sources:
- It can work normally at low temperatures, due to which it is used for street lighting installation.
- With a slight increase in power, the product does not fail.
- It works even at very low voltage (the light intensity will only decrease).
- The variety and strength of products has a wide range, so you can choose the right product for certain operating conditions.
- It can work normally with high humidity.
- Connect to the network without additional equipment.
- Bypass gas-charged light sources for safety. If an energy-saving lamp breaks, it is urgent to carry out a set of measures for room ventilation and surface chemical treatment.
Disadvantages
The main disadvantage of incandescent lamps is their low light output and the predominance of red and yellow shades in the spectrum. In addition, there are several disadvantages:
- The product has a small service life, which is reduced when the nominal voltage deviates from the network.
- The flask is very fragile, so it is used only with a roof. We recommend reading useful advice on how to disassemble a broken light bulb.
- Does not provide electricity.
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