The internal structures of the various independent circuits of the house consist of several parts, which start from the small automatic switches (PIA) with the control and general protection board.

Configure a local internal installation

1. independent circuits

The independent circuits of a home are the set of electrical circuits that make up the indoor indoor installation, and which feed the various installed receivers (lighting points and power outlets (sockets).

All circuits are individually protected by their corresponding PIA. Also, it has an additional safety mechanism, which IG generally protects all circuits in a house.

1. Internal wiring, i.e. internal installation

All independent circuits in a home are powered by two conductors (phase and neutral), which carry single-phase, low-voltage alternating current. Added to them is the connection conductor to the ground network of the building. These conductors consist of copper with a plastic insulation.

• Phase conductor: It is the active conductor that carries current from the electrical panel to the various light points and power outlets in the installation. The color of the insulation can be brown, black or gray.
• Neutral conductor: It is the return conductor that closes the circuit, allowing current to return from the light points and sockets. The insulation color is always blue.
• Ground conductor: A conductor that normally does not carry current if the circuit is working properly. It is connected to the ground network of the building, and serves to expel possible leaks or current derivatives towards the ground electrodes. Its isolate is yellow-green in colour.

The conductors for each independent circuit start at their corresponding PIA in the electrical panel, and run through the house within corrugated PVC tubing built into the wall.

The power supply for each receiver (light points and sockets) is provided by bypassing the main conductors of the independent circuit, in the junction boxes. Junction boxes (junction boxes) are plastic boxes in which the joints and connections of electrical cables are made. In order for the connection to be made properly, terminal strips or terminal strips must be used.

1. Home electrification levels

The degree of electrification of a house refers to the electrical load that must be supported by the internal installation of said house, for example: the electrical load that must be supported by the electrical installation of a villa of 200 square meters will be much greater than what must be supported in a studio of 50 square meters (fewer rooms, fewer light points, number of Fewer plugs, fewer electrical appliances). , etc.).

Considering the type of house, two different degrees of electricity are determined. Each electrical rating specifies the minimum power the installation must support at 230 volts, as well as the independent circuits the installation must have.

• Basic electricity degree.
• High degree of electricity.

Note: The electrical score is calculated by adding the power of all the receiving elements present in the home, and applying a 40% reduction (since not all electrical appliances will be used simultaneously).

1. Electrical installation diagrams

To represent the local indoor installation, 3 types of diagrams can be used:

• Topographic diagram: representation of the installation perspective.
• Multi-Wire Diagram: They represent by means of lines all the conductors that are involved in the circuit to be shown.
• Single-line diagram: A circuit is represented by a single line showing the number of conductors that make it up with intersecting bars. Use your own icons.

How does the assembly of the indoor electrical installation of the house occur

The most widely used representation system is the single-line schematic diagram, as it is simpler and simplifies the drawing of electrical installations in housing plans.

1. Basic circuits for indoor indoor installation

In the next point, the most common electrical installations in the house will be reviewed:

• Simple light point with switch. Installing a lamp that opens and turns off with a switch.

• Press the bell button. Installing a push-button operated doorbell (typical for residential entrance halls)

• Light point with 2 switches. It is a light bulb, which can be turned on and off from two inconspicuous switches. It is a typical circle in the corridors of homes, bedrooms, etc.

• Spotlight with low beam. The circuit consists of a lamp that can be turned on and off inconspicuously from 3 points at different locations. To set up this circuit a crossover switch is required.

• energy suppliers. Electrical installations to feed power outlets, to which any electrical appliance may be connected.