Electrical transformers, their types and components.

Electrical transformers are one of the important electrical and electronic components that are used in many different applications to raise or lower voltage and electric current.

Where the need began to be used in generating stations to raise voltages to specific values, This is due to the necessity of transmitting power to reduce losses and costs and to reduce the size of the conductors in the network.

It is used to supply electrical loads of suitable voltage.

Follow this article with us to learn about electrical transformers, their types and components.

What is an electrical transformer and its unit of measure?

It is an electrical device used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another at the same frequency with raising or lowering volts and amperes. It is measured in the Henry unit H.

• Iron core: It is a group of thin sheets of magnetic iron, the thickness of which ranges between
• (0.35mm) to (0.5mm), and isolated from each other to overcome the phenomenon of eddy currents,
• The plates are brought together and pressed together with screws to form a path for magnetic flux lines.
• Copper coils: consist of:
  • Primary coils: are coiled and insulated copper wire, It is directly connected to the electrical source.
  • Secondary windings: coiled and insulated copper wire, And connect the electrical load or to the bridge circuit.

Working principle of electrical transformer

When the primary winding of the transformer is connected to the electrical source, An alternating current passes through a magnetic flux component that cuts the secondary winding through the magnetic circuit consisting of the iron core, As a result, an electric force will be generated, It can transfer power and power to the circuit connected to this coil (the load circuit).

Note: The amount of driving force in a transformer mainly depends on the number of windings in each winding.

Types of electrical transformers

• Step – Up Transformer

Characteristics:

• The number of turns of the primary coil is less than the number of turns of the secondary coil.
• The voltage of the primary coil is less than the voltage of the secondary coil.
• The current in the primary coil is greater than the current in the secondary coil.

• Step – Down Transformer

Characteristics:

• The number of turns of the primary coil is more than the number of turns of the secondary coil.
• The voltage of the primary coil is greater than the voltage of the secondary coil.
• The current in the primary coil is less than the current in the secondary coil.

electrical transformer uses

1. generation stations.
2. transport networks.
3. distribution networks.
4. For feeding electrical appliances.
5. Large and medium factories networks.
6. electronic boards.

Advantages of the electrical transformer

• It can be designed with different capacities easily.
• It raises or lowers the alternating voltage.
• It is used in AC systems directly.