How to connect SPD in a single-phase and three-phase network?
How to connect SPD in a single-phase and three-phase network?
- Installation rules and features
- Contact options
Installation rules and features
The installation of overvoltage protection devices is regulated by the Electrical Installation Rules (PUE), which is the main regulatory document in the safe maintenance of electrical installations. In accordance with the requirements of the PUE, overvoltage protective devices must be installed in facilities with a provided lightning protection system, as well as in houses where electricity is supplied via overhead lines in areas with an annual duration of lightning periods of 25 hours.
The need to connect SPD in facilities in areas where thunderstorms do not occur is advisory in nature, however, given the devastating consequences of a direct lightning strike, it is recommended to take all necessary measures to protect against this type of elements, even in non-hazardous areas.
Surge protection for industrial and office buildings, residential buildings is included in the scope of activities of electrical organizations. Installation and connection of SPD in a private house or apartment falls on the shoulders of the owner, therefore, every homeowner, at least in general terms, needs to know the basic rules for arranging surge protection, as well as how to install and how to connect the necessary equipment for this.
Installation of SPDs must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of technical standards, which provide 3 levels of protection. As the first level of protection, valve arresters are used, belonging to the SPD class 1 category.
They provide protection against direct lightning effects on power lines and are installed in ASUs (input distribution devices). Additional protection against lightning strikes and switching operations in step-down transformer substations is provided by class 2 protection devices, which are installed and connected in the switchboards of a house or apartment .
To protect sensitive electronics and electrical engineering even to minor micro-surges, class 3 surge protection devices are used, which are plugged into the consumer’s power panel in its immediate vicinity.
How to install equipment in order to provide three-stage surge protection is shown in the diagram:
Easier explanation:
Contact options
One of the most important issues is how to connect the SPD into the shield. Almost all connection options are identical and indicated in the product data sheet. Installation methods for protective devices may differ, depending on where they are installed, in a single-phase or three-phase network, also depending on the grounding systems.
The grounding system is the most modern and meets all TN-S safety requirements where zero (N) and protective zero (PE) wires in the entire power supply system operate separately. The system tn-cs represents a combined version, in which N and PE from the power supply to the ASU of the house are combined into one wire, after which the separation of the neutral and protective conductor begins.
It must be remembered that this circuit will not work without grounding, so it is necessary to equip it. Tn-c system The simplest and most common grounding system in obsolete housing stock, in which one wire (PEN) plays the role of a neutral and working conductor.
The diagram below shows how to connect a Class II SPD in a single-phase network installed in the panel of an apartment or a private house with two grounding options. For this connection option, it is necessary to select the simplest monoblock protective device, with the corresponding operating voltage.
Connection diagram with grounding system TN-C:
If a tn-s grounding system is provided, in this case, installation and connection of an SPD consisting of two modules, the design of which provides for separate terminals, for connecting the phase, zero working and protective wires, marked correspondingly, will be required.
The SPD connection in a three-phase network is implemented as shown in the photo:
When installing an SPD, it is necessary to provide means of protecting the network in the event of a short circuit in the device and its connection through the device or through a fuse. The device can be installed before and after the meter, in the second case, the meter will remain unprotected from overvoltage.
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