How to divide the PEN connector according to PUE
In our last article on types of grounding, power supply systems and their advantages were described. A modern supply system is also described. TN-CS, where the PEN conductor is divided into two separate conductors: protective PE and zero N. They perform a different function, which is necessary for electrical safety. In this article, we would like to tell you where the PEN connector should be separated into PE and N according to PUE.
- Why do you need to split the PEN connector
- How to split
Why do you need to split the PEN connector
The PEN conductor is a working and protective neutral wire combined into one wire. Power systems used before and called TN-C, contain only such a conductor that combines zero and ground.
Such a system is potentially dangerous and does not provide conditions for protection from harmful factors of electric current in case of damage to the pen. If the selected conductor turns out to be inoperable in some way, the electrical installation will be without a working neutral conductor and without protective grounding.
It is recommended to switch residential and public buildings during their reconstruction from a low voltage of 220/127 V and a TN-C grounding system to a voltage of 380/220 V with a TN-S or TN-CS grounding system.
If you live in an old private house or “Khrushchev”, the type of grounding system in your home will most likely be TN-C. In an apartment building with a PEN connector (see Figure 1), it is connected floor by floor in common panels.
If the PEN connector or the contact in the switchboard breaks, the phase does not stop, and the electrical installation of the apartment remains energized, while the protective conductor will not work. In fact, when you touch parts of equipment that are under voltage, the person will be exposed to electric current and the protection will not work.
In a private house, a similar phenomenon can be observed with a built-in PEN connector. The difference is that a private house may not have floorboards, but have one opening shield.
In order to connect all equipment, including protective contacts in sockets, to the grounding system, it is necessary to transfer the TN-C grounding to TN-CS, that is, to divide the PEN conductor into two independent wires PE and N.
How to split
In residential buildings: private houses, cottages and summer cottages, this should be done in meter introductory panels, in residential buildings and other buildings, this can be done at ASU.
PUE requirements also specify that when installing in the place of separation of the PEN conductor in zero and zero protective wires, it is necessary to provide separate clamps or bus bars for the interconnected conductors. The PEN connector of the supply line must be connected to the terminal or Gzsh (trip bus, Fig. 2) or zero protective conductor bus.
If there is no switching device at the input or circuit breaker, then the use of trip bus loses its meaning, as it creates unnecessary congested connections where the connection may deteriorate.
Hence, two buses are necessary to separate the connector. One bus should be used to connect zero protective wires, the second – for zero workers.
During installation, both frames can be connected using a cable connection. The PEN connector built into the front is first connected to the PE bus, and then a jumper for the N bus is pulled from this bus.
According to the requirements of the PUE (p. 1.7.61), when using a TN system, it is required to reconnect the PE and PEN conductors at the input into the electrical installations of buildings, as well as in other accessible places, using primarily natural grounding. The resistance of the redundant grounding conductor has not been standardized.
If there are no natural grounding conductors, it is artificial grounding and it is connected to the PE bus to which the PEN conductor is already connected.
With single-phase and three-phase input, the principle of conductor separation is the same. The difference is that in a single-phase power supply system there is one input phase wire, and in a three-phase system there are three phase wires.
In new apartments with the TN-CS grounding system, the built-in conductor is separated into a working zero and a protective zero in the main switchboard. There are two wires actually going separately to the floorboard and the apartments, as shown in the diagram below:
That’s all I wanted to tell you about where the PEN connector should be separated into PE and N according to EMP rules. Once again, we repeat the answer, so that you probably remember: in private houses, the wire must be shared with the meter in front of the opening switching device, and in apartments this is done at the main switchboard.
If you have any inquiry, please contact us freely and we will be happy to serve you.
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