A search for wind energy. Wind energy is classified as one of the types of renewable energy sources because it relies on the wind source instead of using fossil fuel sources, oil and natural gas. These sources are harmful to the environment because of the toxic gases they produce when burned, in addition to being available only in limited areas. In the world.

Where the importance of using wind energy in European countries and America came to reduce dependence on traditional energy sources and reduce environmental pollution and costs.

What is energy

Energy means (English: energy) in the science of physics the ability to do something by converting energy from one form to another to produce different forms of energy such as: converting energy into electrical, thermal, radiation, nuclear or chemical energy, whose work depends on kinetic energy or energy lurking.

Definition of wind power

Wind energy is defined as a source of transformable energy, which results from exploiting the movement of wind and converting it into another form of energy such as electricity energy, where its work relies on the movement resulting from the wind in generating electrical energy by moving wind turbines. Mechanical energy, which in turn is converted into electrical energy. Wind energy is one of the renewable energy sources, which is used as an alternative source to traditional energy sources.

uses of wind energy

Wind energy has been used since ancient times at the level of different civilizations, as the ancient Egyptians used this energy to run their boats on the Nile River in Egypt, and the Muslims used it to grind various grains, while the Chinese exploited it to pump groundwater in particular.

As for the Arab countries, there are no development studies on increasing reliance on this energy to generate electricity, and the weakness of cooperation and coordination between countries has led to weak reliance on this energy and other renewable and non-polluting energy sources.

The idea of ​​wind energy to generate electricity

The idea of ​​​​its work depends on the kinetic energy of the wind through the rotation of the blades that are installed on the turbine, which is installed on a hub that is based on the main rotating shaft connected to a gear box to raise the rotational speed, as the movement is transmitted to the fast rotating shaft, and its rotation cuts off a magnetic field inside the generator, which results in the generation of electricity, and thus During which we can provide electricity in all public and private places.

Advantages of wind energy

• Its low cost compared to other traditional energy sources.
• Contribute to providing job opportunities, raising the economy and reducing oil consumption.
• You don’t need equipment to drill like fossil fuel sources.
• Sustainable and inexhaustible energy.
• It does not need any kind of raw fuel sources during its operation like thermal stations.
• Wind energy is a clean and non-polluting resource.
• Contribute to reducing carbon dioxide emissions.
• It can be used in many different applications.

Disadvantages of wind energy

• You need very large spaces.
• You need a place with high wind speed and relatively moderate.
• Makes noise throughout the day.
• Winds are not always available to move the mills but are seasonal.

How do wind turbines work? Wind energy is one of the ways to generate electricity, and it is classified as an environmentally friendly renewable energy resource.

In this article, we will discuss how wind turbines work, and what is the best place to place the field?

How do wind turbines work?

A wind turbine contains rotating blades that are mounted on a shaft and a generator that converts the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy.

When the wind passes over the blades, it creates a dynamic air impulse that causes the blades to rotate. Thus, the generator operates, which produces electrical energy. These turbines are equipped with a device that controls the rotation of the blades to regulate their rotation rates and stop their movement if necessary.

The amount of energy produced from wind turbines depends on the wind speed and the diameter of the blades. That is why the turbines that are used to operate factories or lighting units are placed above the towers. Because wind speed increases with height above the ground, these turbines are placed in large numbers on large areas of land to produce as much electricity as possible.

Here is an example of a field around the world. The United States alone produces about 3 billion kilowatt-hours annually, and that amount is enough to meet the electricity needs of a million people, from wind fields located in California on the west coast of America.

Where is the best place to put wind turbines?

It is preferable to place wind turbines in a place where the average annual wind speed should not be less than 12 miles per hour, as most wind fields are located inside the water, and they are called offshore farms, as wind speeds are higher than on land.

And because there are times when the wind speed is slow, which makes it difficult to produce electricity, wind energy users must have a backup diesel or solar generator to use at those times.

We hope that you have been satisfied with what was presented for the work of wind energy turbines. If you have any questions, leave us a comment.

Components of a wind power plant

Components of the wind power plant. Each generating station has its own components. The plants that depend on wind energy contain blades, a box and a turbine, while solar power plants consist of panels and inverters.

In this article, we will get a quick look at the source of wind, and then mention the basic components of wind power plants.

A quick look at the source of the wind

Winds are generated as a result of the absorption of sunlight by the surfaces of the earth, seas and oceans, and thus the temperature of these surfaces rises by different degrees.

When the air heats up, this leads to a decrease in its density, and accordingly, the air moves from the high pressure area to the reduced pressure area, which leads to the emergence of winds.

Windmills have spread since the twelfth century until their number reached in the year 1750 AD to more than 8,000 mills in the Netherlands, and more than 10,000 mills in England,

The main purpose of its work at the time was to pump water from low areas to higher agricultural areas, or to manage stones for grinding wheat, corn, and other grains.

Components of a wind power plant

The generating fan consists of the following elements:

Turbine blades

The blade length reaches 20 metres, and in newer variants such as the 5-mega unit, the turning radius exceeds 130 metres.

Gearbox

Gears connect:

• The slow speed transducer on which the blades are mounted, rotates at about 30 RPM.
• The high speed shaft is the one that connects directly to the generator and rotates at a speed of 1500 rpm.

Cabin Room (Nacelle)

It includes the generator and the gears, as it is the housing for all the equipment, and it also includes the equipment that controls the vanes (blades), as it can change the inclination angle of the vane with respect to the wind by means of a motor, and thus controls the rotational speed, which in revolutions per second is affected by the wind speed, which must not be less than 5 meters per second, and it should not exceed 30 m/s.

Generator

The generator capacity ranges from 500 to 1500 kilowatts, and some generators have now reached 3, 5, 6, 7 megawatts, and more.

Power transmission transformer

The transformer of the unit transmits the power with a distribution voltage of about 24 kV through cables, and it is assembled with the other units, and then lifted to the transmission lines, and each unit is not connected directly with the transmission lines.

maternity tower

All equipment except the transformer is installed at the top of the generation tower, which is made of steel and has a height of 40 to 60 meters, and at the present time the height exceeds 140 meters, with capacities of 5 mega.

The tower is made of heat-treated iron to bear all the components of the container, which weighs up to 30 tons.

To ensure the maximum possible use of wind energy, a system is used to direct the turbine in the direction of the wind. If the wind speed rises above 25 meters/second, the brakes prevent the blades from rotating, lest the high wind speed lead to their shattering and breaking of the rotating parts in the container.

Factors affecting the production of electricity from wind

Factors Affecting the Production of Electricity from Wind There are several important factors affecting generation plants that depend on wind energy.

Follow the article with us to learn about the most important factors that affect the productivity of power plants that operate by one of the natural resources, which is the source of wind energy.

Factors affecting the production of electricity from wind

There are several factors that affect the productivity of electric energy by converting wind energy into kinetic energy, and then into electrical energy. Some of these factors are:

• Wind speed.
• rotational surface area.
• Feather speed ratio.

We will explain each factor separately.

Effect of wind speed on turbine

The production of wind turbines is directly affected by the wind speed, as the energy produced is proportional to the cube of the speed. To illustrate this relationship, we give the following example:

If the wind speed is 5m/sec, the resulting energy is approximately 125 energy units, while if the speed increases to 6m/sec, the resulting energy increases to 216 energy units.

What we can conclude from the example is that an increase in the wind speed by 1 meter/sec led to a significant increase in the energy produced. In this regard, the energy produced from turbines is affected by several other factors, including:

• air density.
• Tower height.
• rotational surface area.
• The effect of repentance on each other.

However, the direct and largest impact of the generation system is with wind speed.

rotational surface area

The rotation surface area expresses the area resulting from the rotation of the blades, which is determined by the length of the blade, and the volume of air that strikes the plane of rotation. The rotational surface area is also called the diameter of the turbine.

Feather speed ratio

It is the ratio between the speed at the end of the vane and the speed of the wind, which increases with the increase in the length of the vane, and determines its optimal limits between 60-80.

The work of the turbine depends on the wind speed to manage the rotor according to the aerodynamic forces, and this movement is transmitted to the generator through two axes and a speed gearbox (the slow speed axis and the high speed axis), and the transmission ratio of the gearbox determines the speed that will reach the generator.

The amount of energy generated by the wind

The amount of energy generated by the wind depends entirely on the kinetic energy of the air, which is directly proportional to the mass of the air and its speed, and the following equation shows this in terms of the area of ​​​​the fan and the density of the air as follows: