Electrical circuits can be divided into two types according to the electrical current, as well as two types according to the method of connection, as follows:

According to the electrical current

• Direct current circuit: In this circuit, the electric current flows in only one direction.
• Alternating current circuit: In this circuit, the electrical current flows back and forth repeatedly during one second, and it is the same as that found in homes.

According to the electrical connection 

• An electrical circuit in a row, and in that circuit the bulbs are connected to each other on one line, each bulb next to the other. It is worth noting that the intensity of the lighting decreases and weakens if another number of bulbs are added to that type of electrical circuit, and if one of the bulbs burns out Connected together in series, the rest of the connected bulbs in the rest of the circuit will go out, and therefore it is not preferable to use them in homes.
• A parallel electrical circuit. In this type, each bulb is directly connected between the two poles of the electrical source. It is worth noting that the intensity of the electric current does not weaken if the number of bulbs in the electrical circuit increases. If one of the existing bulbs burns out, this will not affect the other bulbs and will remain. As it is, only the bulb that has been burned out is changed. A person cannot determine the intensity of lighting in a single bulb, but it is possible to know whether the current is strong or weak. The parallel circuit is considered the most suitable for home use, so that the intensity of the lighting is not affected or the bulbs are affected in the event of Burn or damage one of them.

Electrical circuit components

• Energy source
• Electrical load
• connected wires
• connected wires
  

  Types of electrical circuits and the best ones for home use

Among the components of the electrical circuit, any electrical circuit must have 4 main components, no matter how simple the electrical circuit is, and they are as follows:

Power source:   This part works to provide the energy needed to transmit electrical current other than the electrical circuit. This source is chosen based on the electrical voltage, and the power source may be the various electrical outlets or the battery.

Electrical load:   It is a device that consumes energy, and the electrical circuit is designed to operate it, such as a simple light bulb.

Connecting wires:   They are wires made of aluminum or copper, and their function is to transmit electrical current through the electrical circuit efficiently. It is also the function of connecting wires to lose the least amount of energy during the process of transmitting electrical current.

The electrical switch:   It is a device that works to close and open the circuit without resorting to separating the electrical wires from any component of the electrical circuit. A closed electrical circuit is one in which the electrical switch is closed, with wires connected and has the ability to transmit electricity to all parts of the electrical circuit. But an open electrical circuit is a circuit in which the electrical switch is open, or the wires are not connected together.

Classification of electrical circuit elements

• Category of active ingredients
• Category of inactive items

The elements of an electrical circuit can be classified into two categories, the first category is the category of active elements, and the second category is the category of inactive elements.

Category of active elements:   They are the elements that have the ability to deliver energy to the electrical circuit, by using non-electrical energy sources to convert it into electrical energy. For example, the battery works to convert chemical energy into electrical energy, as well as the transistor, and another example is the solar cell that works To convert solar energy into electrical energy, in addition to the diode as an example of the category of active elements.

The category of inactive elements:   They are certainly the complete opposite of active elements. Instead of supplying the electrical circuit with electricity, these elements consume electrical energy. Examples of these elements include the capacitor, the electrical resistance, and the electrical coil or inductor.

Complicated electrical circuit elements

• the battery
• Resistance
• Electrolytic capacitor
• The inductor
• dual vacume
• Transistor

There are electrical circuits that are complex in installation, and contain a number of components that allow the generation of electrical energy.

Battery:   The battery is a main source on which the electrical circuit depends to a large extent. It works to supply the electrical circuit with energy, and to obtain more voltage within the electrical circuit, several batteries can be connected together in series.

Resistance:   Resistance was given that name because it resists the flow of electric current. It is known that some elements inside many electronic devices are sensitive to current.

It can penetrate the resistance if the flow of electric current increases suddenly, and here comes the role of the resistor, as it works to prevent the increase in the flow of current. Therefore, resistance is considered an essential element within the electrical circuit, and the number of denominators that are placed in the circuit depends on the calculation of the flowing current. What is to be resisted?

Resistance is measured in the unit of ohms according to the physicist George Simon Ohm, a German national. An ohm can be defined as the resistance of a circuit in which a current of 1 ampere flows, and the potential difference is equal to 1 volt.

The value of electrical resistance can be calculated by using Ohm’s Law, which states that the value of resistance is the value that results from dividing the potential difference by the current intensity.

Electrolytic capacitor:   The electrolytic capacitor has another name, which is an electrolytic capacitor, and it is considered one of the most widely used components in electrical circuits. It also works similar to a battery. The capacitor is used to decorate the electrical charge. It consists of two plates, each of which is flat and has a small gap between them.

It is worth noting that the potential difference between the two ends is directly proportional to the difference in the amount of charge on each of them, and the capacitance of the capacitor can be measured in microfarads, and capacitors are often found inside the effective electrical circuit, and they use oscillating electrical signals, such as those found in audio devices and devices. the radio.

Inductor:   It has another name, which is an electric coil. It is a coil of wire that is used in more than one electrical circuit, and the magnetic field of that coil works to store the energy that results from the flow of electric current in it.

The inductor allows only direct current to pass through it, and does not allow alternating current to pass through it in any way. The inductor is used in filters in order to separate signals of different frequencies, and therefore it is used in effective electrical circuits.

It is known that effective electrical circuits allow only low-frequency oscillations to pass through, and destroy high-frequency signals.

Diode:   A diode is known as a diode. It is a device consisting of a cathode and an anode. It allows electric current to pass in one direction only. The negative voltage end must be on the cathode and the positive voltage end must be on the anode in order for the electric current to transmit.

Transistor:   It is a device whose function is to regulate the flow of voltage or current. It is mainly used to amplify electronic signals. It consists of 3 elements: the base, the emitter, and the collector. When a voltage of 70 volts passes between the emitter and the base, the transistor works.

It is worth noting that the passage of a small amount of electrical current through the base of the transistor gives it a great opportunity to control the current that passes between the collector and the emitter, and this property is used in the amplification process, that is, converting a signal that has a low energy into an distortion that has a higher energy without any harm occurring. Change in properties.

Power breaker

A power breaker is an electrical switch that operates automatically. Its function is to protect the electrical circuit from damage, which is exposed to it due to increased current intensity.

The circuit breaker is one of the necessary things that must be present in every home, in order to protect individuals from the various dangers of electricity.

When a large amount of electrical current flows through an electrical wire, it cuts off the electrical power in the place, and the power will remain cut off until the network is repaired.

Types of electrical circuit breakers

• Magnetic circuit breakers: These circuit breakers respond faster to electrical current that is greatly increased and of a short period of time.
• Thermal breakers: These breakers respond faster to a small increase in electrical current over a long period of time.
• Thermal magnetic contactors, combining the characteristics of magnetic contactors and thermal contactors, respond to sudden currents and currents that extend for a long period of time.

Electrical fuse or fuse

It is a device that is made of braided ropes made of copper, aluminum, or zinc metal, and is connected in series. The electrical clip is used to protect the electrical appliances in the home, such as the television, the refrigerator, and the computer from damage, which may be exposed to them due to the high voltage of each device. One of these devices.

When an excess electrical current passes through an electrical circuit, it melts, and thus the electrical circuit is disconnected. If the fuse is not used in the various devices, many electrical faults will occur, including burning the devices, and the house will be vulnerable to fires occurring inside it.

Types of connection in electrical circuits

• closed circuit.
• open circuit.
• Short circuit.
• Series and parallel circuit

Closed circuit : Electricity flows inside it without any circuit breaker.

Open circuit : It is a circuit in which there is a wire or a switch inside which the current flows, the current inside it is zero, and the voltage is specified.

Short circuit : This circuit occurs when a short circuit or electrical problem occurs due to the connection between the two ends of the battery to a voltage source for some reason.

Series and Parallel Circuit : In this series, more than one mother bulb is connected in series or parallel, and if one of them goes out, the current does not pass through the bulbs to another, where the circuit is closed.

The function of connecting wires in an electrical circuit

Computer wires and electronic components are made of copper or aluminum. Copper is cheap and conducts electricity. The wire is placed in the basic circuit at one end of an electrical source such as a battery.

Then a switch is placed to which the wire is connected, and it is determined whether the circuit is closed or open. The wire is then connected to the device responsible for drawing energy so that the wire performs its function, whereby energy is drawn and connected to the other end of the battery.

Please note that there must not be any breaks in the electrical circuit connection, as they may cause electricity to leak, leading to damage to the device or inoperability.