RGS Pipes

 

 

There are three types of flexible conduit as follows:

• They are very flexible conduits due to their spiral construction
• It has a soft inner layer that makes it easy to pull wires inside.
• FMC pipes can be bent very easily without the use of any special bending tools
• It is very easy to install on site without the need for elbows, couplings or any other fixtures
• Primarily used in dry indoor locations where it is difficult to install rigid metal conduits or where an excessive number of fittings are required to use rigid connections.
• FMC conduits are used extensively above suspended ceilings to carry branch circuit conductors from the junction box to the hot-wire compartment of lighting fixtures.
• When used on suspended ceilings, it should be no longer than 6 feet (1.8 m)
• It is also used to carry wires for a short period of time from a wall box to a motor or stationary device
• FMC pipes should not be used underground (directly buried or in a buried culvert), embedded in poured concrete or aggregate, or in direct contact with the ground.
• FMC pipes should not be used in places subject to corrosive conditions, nor should these pipes be installed in direct contact with masonry in wet locations.
• FMC tubing can be ideally used with vibration equipment such as air conditioning units.
• NEC specifies that straps or other means of supporting these pipes in place should be used every 4.5 feet (1.4 m) and within 12 inches (300 mm) of each end.
• NEC specifies that FMC conduits with a circulation size of 1.25″ (35) or smaller, installed with an overall length of no more than 6 feet (1.8 m) and terminated in fixtures screened for grounding, and such conduits may be used for grounding when used to carry circuits rated 20 amps or less .
• FMC pipe fittings are available in sizes (3/8″, 1/2″, 3/4″).

Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit (LFMC)

 

• It is constructed with a spiral of rigid PVC reinforcement embedded within a flexible PVC wall
• LFNC conduits have a smooth inner layer that allows easy wire drawing which makes installation easier, and it has a smooth outer layer that is resistant to sunlight and oil making it suitable for outdoor use.
• It is lighter than LFMC pipe (about 50% lighter), easier to cut and reduces installation cost. 
• LFNC conduits do not have sharp edges or protrusions which protect the conductors from any damage.
• LFNC pipe fittings provide protection against corrosion, steam, acids, oil, liquids, and impact/crush.
• LFNC pipes can be used exposed or concealed and can also be used for direct burial in the ground.
• It is suitable for use in applications that require high flexibility such as very narrow areas.
•  LFNC conduits are used in many applications such as motors, pumps, HVAC, marine equipment, outdoor lighting, and more.

Non-metallic electrical conduit (ENT)

 

• It consists of a material that is resistant to moisture, chemical atmospheres, and flame retardant.
• The ENT can be bent by hand, when installed, to determine the direction and length of the tracks.
• The pipe fittings used for these pipes are solid and have no bending characteristics.
• ENT can be used concealed in walls, floors and ceilings providing a thermal barrier with a minimum fire rate of 15 minutes of fire rated slate.
• ENT can be used or installed over suspended ceilings with a minimum fire rate of 15 minutes.
• ENT can be used in indoor wet spaces, or in slab above or below grade.
• ENT may not be used in hazardous locations or direct burial.
• The ENT may not be used in locations where the ambient temperature exceeds that for which the ENT is rated.
• ENT must be installed every 3 feet (900 mm) and there is the usual 6 feet (1.8 m) allowance for light fixtures and equipment whips over suspended ceilings.
• ENT is available in sizes (from 1/2 to 2 inches)

NB :

• It is necessary to avoid installing single phase cable or single core cable in any type of metallic conduit because the magnetic field generated by the cable will cut the surface of the metal conduit, creating eddy currents in the piping, causing heating of the tube and may cause the cable to overheat or burn , so in single-phase circuits, both the neutral conductor and neutral conductor must be installed within the same piping as the magnetic field generated by the conductors will cancel each other out.
• For multi-core cables, the magnetic field generated by three phases of the cable will be equal to zero or cancel each other out, resulting in no eddy currents causing the pipes and cable to heat up.

 

Pipe filling percentage

Filling Ratio : It is the ratio between the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all cables to the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipes that contain them.

 

NEC table fill percentage

Calculate the appropriate piping size according to the cross-sectional areas of the cables

Example : If we have three copper cables, the CSA for each cable is (16 * 4 mm2), then what is the suitable pipe size for these cables?

Solution

 Since the number of cables is more than (2), according to the NEC schedule, fill ratio = 40% Therefore,

CSA for cables = 40% CSA for piping 

π * (D² / 4) = 0.4 * (d² / 4)           

d² = 0.4 * d²    

      d = 1.58 * d   

where d = pipe diameter        

D = sum of cable diameters

So from the cable manufacturer’s catalog (as below) we can find the outer diameter of the cable (16 * 4 mm2)

 

 

From the catalog we find that the outer diameter of the cable (16 * 4 mm2) is equal to (19.6 mm), so

  D = 3 * 19.6 = 58.8 mm        

   d = 1.58 * d                           

 = 1.58 * 58.8 = 92.9 mm

So we can choose 110mm or 4 inch tubes.

Electrical conduit fittings and accessories

PVC pipe fittings

 

PVC coupling/connectors

A coupling is a short piece of pipe that allows two pieces of pipe mains to be joined together

 

 

PVC elbow

 

 

An elbow is a piece of piping that is fitted between two pieces of the main piping to allow a change of direction of piping or bypass obstructions

 

PVC reducer

 

A reducer is a short piece of pipe fitting that allows two pieces of pipe mains of different diameter or size to be joined together.

 

 

 

 

PVC crank

 

 

It is used to connect two pieces of pipe with an obstacle between them or to cross other pipes in the same level

 

 

PVC male/female adapter

A male/female adapter is used to connect the piping to the electrical back box or junction box

 

PVC saddle

Saddles are used to fix pipes to walls or ceilings. There are many types of saddles such as: 

– Spacer bar saddle 

Open saddle or harness 

– Spring saddle or U clip 

– Oval section saddle 

– Oval belt saddle

Plastic roof boxes

These are the boxes that are used to connect wires to ceiling light fixtures

PVC pipe cutting

The pipes are cut using a special cutter to make the cutting place without sharp edges that may injure the wires when pulled inside the pipes. 

 

 

Metal pipe fittings

Metal coupling/connector

The coupling is used to connect two pieces of metal tube to be joined together and two pieces of tube are connected to both ends of the coupling through two bolts.

 

Metal pipe elbow

The elbow is used to allow the direction of pipe obstructions to be changed or bypassed. Two pieces of pipe are connected to both ends of the elbow through two bolts. 

 

 

Sometimes readymade elbows are not used but the elbow is made in the field using a Conduit Bender which is used to bend the pipes according to the required angle in the field

 

 

Male/female metal adapter

The adapter is used to connect the piping to an electrical outlet box and has two ends, one end is connected to the piping using a screw and the other end is connected to the electrical box using a nut.

Metal pipe crank

 

Cut metal pipes

 

 

Metal expansion box

In-wall conduit (using UPVC piping) can be converted to bare piping (using EMT or RGS) using the expansion box as shown

 

 

 Types of electrical conduits

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Types of Electrical Pipes

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